Shortened form.   As mentioned with respect to orthographic abbreviations, there are several ways to shorten forms. The processes of truncation, procope, syncope, etc., typically occur with the phonological form of a name, where they are called clipping (cf. figure 12). These are often done in the process of inventing a new name, but they can also produce a variant of the same name. For people who have been christened with certain surnames for their given name, the shortening seems to come quite naturally. The possibilities for the origin of the name “Brad” are illustrated in figure 13. The last two spellings listed make it clear that the spelling has little to do with the process; they do not have the requisite pronunciations to participate in this particular shortening process.