1.3 Orthography.   Most names are capitalized in English, and many capitalized words are names, but initial capitals are also used for a great many ordinary words, including common nouns, and so are not a precise guide to whether a name is a proper noun. Specifically, words derived from or related to a name are usually capitalized. The names Plato and America are proper nouns and are capitalized. Platonist and American, however, are capitalized because derived from proper nouns. They are not themselves proper nouns grammatically nor names semantically: ‘She is a Platonist and an American, one of many Platonists and many Americans in the world.’ Compare the French Platon, platonicien(ne) and Amérique, américain(e), in which capitals are not used for the derivatives. Some common names and nouns in English are capitalized out of respect: President and Prime Minister are frequently given ‘honorary’ capitals, although they are not names but common nouns by both definition (‘chief executive officer of a government’) and grammar (‘It is time to choose a new President/Prime Minister’, not *‘It is time to choose new President/Prime Minister’).