borrowing evolution revival transliteration

Section 2: PERSONAL NAMES BY BORROWING


When names are borrowed from another culture, a person intentionally creates a new name using a name in the foreign culture as a guide. Yet, a “foreign language” may be an earlier form of the “same” language and, since it is changing, the same phenomenon of “creation” occurs with a whole set of names. Linguistics works on the assumption that language changes in a systematic, regular way; one that can be captured in descriptive rules. When the Normans conquered England, the arrival of speakers of Old French effected an acceleration of the natural evolution of Anglo-Saxon. The names of both cultures came into a new environment that mixed the names of the previous inhabitants and those of the conquerors. Even in modern times people interact with many other cultures with the result that they borrow many of their names. In addition the written word allows people to interact with historical cultures, such as the ancient worlds of the Romans and Greeks and they may choose to use the ancient names for their own children in their own world. The phenomenon revival occurs in other cultures as they become better known. The Anglo-Saxon language derived from the Germanic language of the Middle Ages and modern people have borrowed names from those languages as well. Whatever language may be the source, it does not generally share its writing system with the receiving language, so the particular spelling of the name is seldom preserved. How well letters in the written form correspond depends on the system of transliteration used. If the end point of transliteration is in the Roman alphabet, the transliteration is called a “romanization.” Several different variations of a name may occur each one depending on the preferred system of transliteration at the time.