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a combining term typically used to join an alias to an official name; the word separated is often a variant of the standard spelling; a s. is introduced in PS-RULES [PS2] & [PS14]; the s. may take the form of 1) a participle (a form of verb): in German the s. geb. stands for geboren and means ‘born’; it follows the married name and precedes the maiden name or family name; the s. genannt means ‘named’ and follows the official name and precedes a nickname of a given name or alias; in French the s. dit(m.) or dite(f.) meaning ‘called’ is gender specific; it follows an official name and precedes a nickname of a surname or alias; in French and English the geb. of German is ‘nee’(f.); in English there is also the participle phrase ‘also known as,’ often abbreviated ‘a.k.a.’; 2) an adverb: the Latin vulgo, means ‘in the common tongue,’; the Latin alias means ‘otherwise,’ which is a common English usage; 3) a conjunction: in compilations we often find ‘or,’ or a forward slash, ‘/,’ used in the same way